![]() 11 Current theories explain the persistence of organic matter in the soil with chemical, physical, environmental, and/or biological factors. 10 However, root exudates may also affect the microbial community composition in favour of fungi which promote the formation of macroaggregates, leading to an increased C stabilization. degrading organic matter into more available forms). via the rhizosphere priming effect) and/or soil fauna (i. e. ![]() 9 The process of decomposition may also be supported by easily available C sources from root exudates (i. e. Following the microbes' death, some of this microbial necromass may eventually be stabilized in the soil. via decomposition) to produce microbial biomass. The recent concept of a soil microbial C pump proposes that microorganisms metabolically process plant residues (i. e. As organic matter enters the soil, some C is lost to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide or methane from decomposition, whereas other C may be sequestered in the soil by stabilization processes. Although aboveground plant litter has been considered the main origin of stable organic matter in the past, more recent studies suggest plant roots and fungal necromass as major contributors to the stable organic matter pool. Over the past decades, scientists have argued about the main drivers of C sequestration (i. e. The mechanisms controlling the stability of C and N in belowground organic matter are still not entirely identified, thus limiting the current understanding of the global C cycle in a future climate. 3 However, global warming may increase SOM turnover rate, because an increase in temperature will enhance enzymatic activities responsible for decomposition, thereby shifting C sinks to sources and accelerating climate change. In this Minireview, we focus on boreal forest ecosystems which store significant amounts of the global C pool, mostly belowground in SOM. 2 Terrestrial carbon (C) and nutrient cycling is tightly linked with soil organic matter (SOM) as the key driver of both cycles. 1 As a consequence, humankind needs to mitigate climate change via sequestering more C and N into slowly cycling pools and retaining C in sinks. carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide), that enhance global warming. Anthropogenic activities, such as the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and the combustion of fossil fuels, accelerate C and nutrient cycles via increased land‐based greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e. g.
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